octave:17> a=[1; 2] a = 1 2 octave:18> a' ans = 1 2 octave:19> [3, a'] ans = 3 1 2 octave:20> [3; a] ans = 3 1 2 octave:21> a=ones(2); octave:22> b=eye(2); octave:23> [a; b] ans = 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 octave:24> [a b] ans = 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1